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“We welcome you back to planet Earth and thanks for flying SpaceX,” SpaceX’s Mission Control radioed moments after splashdown. “For those of you enrolled in our frequent flyer programme, you’ve earned 68 million miles on this voyage.”

“We’ll take those miles,” said spacecraft commander Hopkins. “Are they transferrable?” SpaceX replied the astronauts would have to check with the company’s marketing department.

The 167-day mission was the longest for a crew capsule launching from the United States. The previous record of 84 days was set by NASA’s final Skylab station astronauts in 1974.

Seven astronauts remain on the ISS including a new crew of four who arrived on a different SpaceX craft last week. Prior to that, two American astronauts made a test mission to the ISS in May and stayed for two months.

That was the first launch to the ISS from US soil since the end of the Space Shuttle programme in 2011. It was also the first crewed mission run by a private company, as opposed to NASA.

Until then US astronauts had caught rides to the ISS aboard Russian spacecraft.