How war, violence and extractivism – rather than ethics – defined the legacy of the empire in Africa.
![A file photo taken in Senegal, then a French colony, in the 1930s shows a European being carried through a river by African porters in a sedan chair [File: AFP]](https://www.aljazeera.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/000_ARP1540170.jpg?resize=270%2C180&quality=80)